Mineral

Type:

Primary Function:

Fluid balance and nerve function.

Normal Values:

135-145 mmol/L

<135 mmol/L (Hyponatremia)

>145 mmolL (Hypernatremia)

Pathological Values:

Nausea, confusion, seizures

Low sodium levels can result from excessive fluid intake, renal insufficiency, heart failure, cirrhosis, or diuretics.

Symptoms/Pathology in Deficiency:

Hypertension, edema, dehydration.

High sodium levels may indicate dehydration, inadequate fluid intake, or certain diseases.

Symptoms/Pathology in Increase:

Dietary Sources:

Salt, meats, dairy products